FCC Lompoc is a federal correctional complex in Lompoc, California, about 175 miles northwest of Los Angeles and directly adjacent to Vandenberg Space Force Base. Its roots go back to 1946, when the site was built as a military disciplinary barracks on what was then Camp Cooke, meant to hold up to 1,500 military offenders. The Bureau of Prisons took the land over as it grew, opening USP Lompoc in 1959 as a civilian federal penitentiary, and later adding a separate low-security institution that began as a prison camp in 1970 before being converted into a full FCI in 1990. Today the complex functions as an umbrella for multiple institutions on one campus — a low-security FCI and a medium-security former-USP facility, each with their own satellite camp space — allowing the Bureau to manage inmates of different security levels and needs on shared grounds near the coast. The complex's long connection to military land use, and its unusual neighbor in the Vandenberg space launch base, make it one of the more distinctive federal prison sites on the West Coast.